Abbott, Frank. “Cold Cash and Ice Palaces: The Quebec Winter Carnival of 1894.” Canadian Historical Review Vol. 69, no. 2 (June 1988): 167–202.

Abbott, Frank Albert. “The Quebec Winter Carnival of 1894: The Transformation of the City and the Festival in the Nineteenth Century.” Master’s thesis, University of British Columbia, 1982. https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/831/items/1.0094964.