The English Working Class of Quebec: Fragmentation and Silence
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Authors/collaborators |
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Title |
The English Working Class of Quebec: Fragmentation and Silence
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Abstract |
The author examines the mix and distribution of Quebec’s non-Francophone “modern” working class who emigrated to the province in four waves between the 1820 and the 1980s. The first began in the 1820s, bringing skilled German, Scottish, English and Welsh craftsmen to partially fill Quebec’s earliest industrial positions. The second began after 1848 and continued for three-quarters of a century, bringing Irish labourers to work in the most unskilled of outdoor jobs, digging canals and building railroads. The third wave of immigration began in the first decade of the twentieth century, that brought central and eastern Europeans as well as Scandinavian unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled workers to compete with Francophones for production jobs in the quasi-industrial urban industries, as well as for skilled positions in mines. The fourth wave of immigration, stretching from 1945 to the 1980s, focused on encouraging foreign professionals as well as potential entrepreneurs to immigrate to Quebec.
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Book Title |
The English of Québec: From Majority to Minority Status
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Place |
Québec, QC
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Publisher |
Institut québécois de recherche sur la culture
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Date |
1982
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Pages |
177-188
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Language |
en
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Citation |
Lipsig-Mummé, Carla. “The English Working Class of Quebec: Fragmentation and Silence.” In The English of Québec: From Majority to Minority Status, edited by Gary Caldwell and Éric Waddell, 177–188. Québec, QC: Institut québécois de recherche sur la culture, 1982.
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